Tenses USTT VOLUME 1
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–1
# WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
## (भाषा क्या है?)
## Definition
Language is a systematic medium of expressing thoughts, feelings, ideas, opinions, facts, experiences and emotions through sounds, words, signs or symbols.
## Hindi Definition
भाषा वह व्यवस्थित माध्यम (System) है जिसके द्वारा मनुष्य अपने विचार, भावनाएँ, इच्छाएँ, अनुभव, तथ्य और संदेश दूसरों तक पहुँचाता है।
------------------------------------------------------------
# DOES ONLY HUMAN HAVE A LANGUAGE?
No.
Every living being has its own communication system.
Human Being → Language
Bird → Chirping
Dog → Barking
Cow → Mooing
Lion → Roaring
Bee → Dance Communication
Dolphin → Sound Signals
The purpose of all these systems is only one—
COMMUNICATION
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY WAS LANGUAGE CREATED?
Imagine a world without language.
• A teacher could not teach.
• A doctor could not understand patients.
• A judge could not deliver justice.
• Scientists could not share discoveries.
• Society could not develop properly.
Therefore,
Language is one of the greatest inventions of human civilization.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MAIN PURPOSE OF LANGUAGE
The only purpose of language is—
To communicate ideas effectively.
Hindi Meaning
एक व्यक्ति के मन की बात दूसरे व्यक्ति तक सही रूप में पहुँचाना ही भाषा का मुख्य उद्देश्य है।
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMMUNICATION CYCLE
Thought
↓
Idea
↓
Language
↓
Sentence
↓
Listener / Reader
↓
Understanding
If language is incorrect,
communication becomes incorrect.
------------------------------------------------------------
# FOUR BASIC SKILLS OF LANGUAGE (LSRW)
1. Listening
2. Speaking
3. Reading
4. Writing
A person who masters all four skills becomes an effective communicator.
------------------------------------------------------------
# HOW MANY LANGUAGES ARE THERE?
Thousands of languages are spoken throughout the world.
Examples
English
Hindi
French
German
Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Russian
Japanese
Different languages...
Same purpose...
Communication.
------------------------------------------------------------
# LANGUAGE CHANGES, THOUGHT DOES NOT
Hindi
मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ।
English
I go to school.
French, German, Arabic or Japanese may use different words,
but the meaning remains the same.
Conclusion
Language changes,
Thought does not.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY DO WE NEED GRAMMAR?
Without grammar,
language becomes confusing.
Example
I am a teacher.
Am I a teacher?
I was a teacher.
I had been a teacher.
Only the arrangement of words and time changes,
but the meaning also changes.
Therefore,
Grammar controls the structure of language.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT DOES GRAMMAR DO?
Grammar teaches us—
• Correct words
• Correct order
• Correct structure
• Correct meaning
• Correct time
------------------------------------------------------------
# HOW WERE TIME AND TENSE CREATED?
Whenever we talk about an action,
we must tell—
When did it happen?
Present
Past
Future
To express time correctly,
Grammar created Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN CONCEPT BY ANOOP SIR
There are thousands of languages on the Earth,
but every language contains only two types of statements.
1. Action
2. State
When an Action or State is connected with Time,
TENSE is born.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN DEFINITION
Tense is the grammatical form of a verb
that shows the time of an action or state.
------------------------------------------------------------
# LEARNING FLOW
Language
↓
Grammar
↓
Sentence
↓
Verb
↓
Time
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMPETITION POINTS
✔ Language is a medium of communication.
✔ Grammar is the system of rules.
✔ Every sentence expresses either an Action or a State.
✔ Every Action or State belongs to a particular Time.
✔ Time is expressed through Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULE
No Time
=
No Tense
No Verb
=
No Tense
Time + Verb
=
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER SUMMARY
Language
↓
Communication
↓
Grammar
↓
Sentence
↓
Verb
↓
Time
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
Time & Tense Master Series
Volume–1
Chapter–1
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–2
# WHAT IS TIME?
## (समय क्या है?)
------------------------------------------------------------
# DEFINITION OF TIME
Time is the continuous flow in which every action, event, condition, or state exists and changes.
Hindi Meaning
समय वह निरंतर प्रवाह (Continuous Flow) है जिसमें प्रत्येक कार्य, घटना, अवस्था और परिवर्तन घटित होता है।
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT IS TIME?
Everything in this universe happens in Time.
Without Time—
• Nothing can happen.
• Nothing can change.
• Nothing can move.
• Nothing can exist in sequence.
Therefore,
Time is the foundation of every action.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TIME NEVER STOPS
Time is—
✔ Continuous
✔ Invisible
✔ Uncontrollable
✔ Irreversible
Time always moves forward.
Past
→
Present
→
Future
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY DO WE STUDY TIME IN ENGLISH?
Every sentence tells us two things.
1. What happened?
2. When did it happen?
The first answer comes from the Verb.
The second answer comes from Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# UNIVERSAL EXAMPLES
I play cricket.
(Action)
I played cricket yesterday.
(Action + Past Time)
I am playing cricket now.
(Action + Present Time)
I will play cricket tomorrow.
(Action + Future Time)
------------------------------------------------------------
# TIME EXISTS EVERYWHERE
A student studies.
A doctor treats patients.
A farmer grows crops.
A teacher teaches.
A judge gives justice.
Every action happens in Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN CONCEPT
Action cannot exist without Time.
Time gives identity to Action.
Without Time,
Action becomes incomplete.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TIME AND CHANGE
Everything changes with Time.
Morning
↓
Afternoon
↓
Evening
↓
Night
Child
↓
Teenager
↓
Adult
↓
Old Age
Seed
↓
Plant
↓
Tree
Birth
↓
Life
↓
Death
Everything follows Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# THREE DIVISIONS OF TIME
Time has only three divisions.
1. Present Time
The time that is happening now.
Examples
I am reading.
She is cooking.
------------------------------------------------------------
2. Past Time
The time that has already gone.
Examples
I played football yesterday.
She visited Delhi last year.
------------------------------------------------------------
3. Future Time
The time that is yet to come.
Examples
I will visit Agra tomorrow.
She will become a doctor.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TIMELINE
TIME
Past ←──────── Present ────────→ Future
Gone Now Yet to Come
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANT FACT
Time has only THREE parts.
There is no Fourth Time.
Past
Present
Future
Every English sentence belongs to one of these three.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY IS TIME IMPORTANT?
Time helps us—
✔ Understand actions.
✔ Arrange events.
✔ Tell stories.
✔ Explain experiences.
✔ Express plans.
✔ Describe facts.
------------------------------------------------------------
# RELATION BETWEEN TIME AND VERB
Time itself never changes.
The Verb changes to express Time.
Example
Go
Went
Gone
Will Go
The action is the same.
Only Time changes.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN FORMULA
Time
+
Verb
=
Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMPETITION POINTS
✔ Time is continuous.
✔ Time never stops.
✔ Time cannot be seen.
✔ Time cannot be controlled.
✔ Time always moves forward.
✔ Every action belongs to Time.
✔ Every English sentence expresses a Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULE
No Time
=
No Action
No Action
=
No Verb
No Verb
=
No Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER FLOW
Time
↓
Action
↓
Verb
↓
Sentence
↓
Grammar
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# CHAPTER SUMMARY
• Time is continuous.
• Time has only three divisions.
Past
Present
Future
• Every action happens in Time.
• Every sentence expresses Time.
• Tense is the grammatical expression of Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
Time & Tense Master Series
Volume–1
Chapter–2
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–3
# TYPES OF TIME
## (समय के प्रकार)
------------------------------------------------------------
# INTRODUCTION
Every action takes place in Time.
To understand Tense correctly,
we must first understand the different types of Time.
In English Grammar,
Time is mainly divided into three major categories.
Past Time
Present Time
Future Time
However, Competition Level English also studies Time from different viewpoints.
------------------------------------------------------------
# CLASSIFICATION OF TIME
TIME
┌───────────────┐
│ │
Chronological Grammatical
│ │
Past Past
Present Present
Future Future
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–1
# CHRONOLOGICAL TIME
(Real Time)
Chronological Time means
the actual order in which events happen.
Example
6:00 AM → Wake up
7:00 AM → Bath
8:00 AM → Breakfast
9:00 AM → School
Events happen one after another.
This is Chronological Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–2
# GRAMMATICAL TIME
Grammatical Time is the Time
expressed through the Verb.
Example
I play.
Present Time
I played.
Past Time
I will play.
Future Time
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–3
# DEFINITE TIME
Definite Time means
a clearly mentioned Time.
Examples
Yesterday
Last night
Last year
In 2020
Tomorrow
Next week
At 6 o'clock
On Monday
These words indicate a fixed Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–4
# INDEFINITE TIME
Indefinite Time means
Time is not exactly mentioned.
Examples
Once
Sometimes
Often
Usually
Always
Never
Recently
Long ago
The exact Time is unknown.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–5
# POINT OF TIME
A specific moment.
Examples
At 6 AM
At noon
At midnight
At sunset
At sunrise
At 10:30
A Point of Time refers to one exact moment.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–6
# PERIOD OF TIME
A duration between two points.
Examples
For two hours
For five years
For ten minutes
For a month
For a long time
Period = Duration
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–7
# PRESENT TIME
The Time happening now.
Examples
I am reading.
She is sleeping.
They are playing.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–8
# PAST TIME
The Time that has already gone.
Examples
I wrote a letter.
She visited Delhi.
We watched a movie.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–9
# FUTURE TIME
The Time that is yet to come.
Examples
I will call you.
She will become a doctor.
We shall meet tomorrow.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–10
# RELATIVE TIME
Time compared with another action.
Examples
Before he came...
After I had finished...
When she arrived...
By the time we reached...
Relative Time is very important
in Perfect Tenses.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–11
# IMAGINARY TIME
Time used in imagination,
dreams,
stories,
or unreal situations.
Examples
If I were a king...
I wish I had wings.
If she had studied...
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPE–12
# HISTORICAL TIME
Time related to historical events.
Examples
India became independent in 1947.
The Mughal Empire expanded rapidly.
The Constitution came into force in 1950.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN CLASSIFICATION
TIME
↓
Past
↓
Present
↓
Future
↓
Definite
↓
Indefinite
↓
Point
↓
Period
↓
Relative
↓
Chronological
↓
Grammatical
↓
Historical
↓
Imaginary
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMPETITION LEVEL NOTES
Remember
Past
Present
Future
are Primary Types.
All other types help us
understand the use of Tenses correctly.
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMMON CONFUSION
Point of Time
At 5 PM
At Noon
At Midnight
Period of Time
For two hours
For five years
For ten months
Since 2015 is NOT a Period.
It is the starting point of a Period.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULES
Point of Time
→ At
Period of Time
→ For
Starting Point
→ Since
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER CHART
TIME
↓
Chronological
↓
Grammatical
↓
Definite
↓
Indefinite
↓
Point
↓
Period
↓
Relative
↓
Historical
↓
Imaginary
↓
Past
↓
Present
↓
Future
------------------------------------------------------------
# CHAPTER SUMMARY
✔ Time has many forms.
✔ Grammar mainly uses
Past,
Present,
and Future.
✔ Point, Period,
Relative,
and Definite Time help us choose the correct Tense.
✔ Understanding Time is the first step to mastering Tenses.
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
Time & Tense Master Series
Volume–1
Chapter–3
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–4
# UNIVERSAL TIMELINE CONCEPT
## (समय रेखा की सार्वभौमिक अवधारणा)
------------------------------------------------------------
# INTRODUCTION
Everything in this universe happens on a Timeline.
Nothing happens without Time.
Every action has—
• A Beginning
• A Duration
• An Ending
This continuous flow is called a Timeline.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT IS A TIMELINE?
A Timeline is an imaginary line
which represents the flow of Time.
It helps us understand—
✔ When an action started.
✔ When it continued.
✔ When it ended.
✔ Whether it is completed or not.
------------------------------------------------------------
# UNIVERSAL TIMELINE
TIME
Past ←──────── Present ─────────→ Future
Gone Now Yet to Come
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN CONCEPT
Time never jumps.
It always moves in one direction.
Past
↓
Present
↓
Future
This movement is called
"The Flow of Time."
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY IS TIMELINE IMPORTANT?
Without Timeline,
Students cannot understand—
Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
Perfect Tense
Continuous Tense
Perfect Continuous Tense
Timeline removes confusion.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TIMELINE OF AN ACTION
Start
↓
Continue
↓
Finish
Every action follows this order.
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLE–1
Yesterday
↓
I played cricket.
↓
Action Finished
Past Timeline
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLE–2
Now
↓
I am playing cricket.
↓
Action Continuing
Present Timeline
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLE–3
Tomorrow
↓
I will play cricket.
↓
Action Not Started
Future Timeline
------------------------------------------------------------
# EVERY ACTION HAS THREE STAGES
Stage–1
Not Started
Stage–2
In Progress
Stage–3
Completed
These three stages create
all English Tenses.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN FORMULA
Action
↓
Starting Point
↓
Duration
↓
Completion
↓
Timeline
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# VISUAL TIMELINE
Not Started
────────►
Started
────────►
Continuing
────────►
Completed
------------------------------------------------------------
# HOW 12 TENSES ARE CREATED
There are only
Three Times
Past
Present
Future
Each Time has
Four Conditions
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Therefore,
3 × 4 = 12 Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMPLETE TIMELINE OF TENSES
PAST
↓
Past Indefinite
↓
Past Continuous
↓
Past Perfect
↓
Past Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
PRESENT
↓
Present Indefinite
↓
Present Continuous
↓
Present Perfect
↓
Present Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
FUTURE
↓
Future Indefinite
↓
Future Continuous
↓
Future Perfect
↓
Future Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER TIMELINE
TIME
↓
Past
↓
Present
↓
Future
Each Time
↓
Simple
↓
Continuous
↓
Perfect
↓
Perfect Continuous
↓
12 TENSES
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN MEMORY TRICK
Past
↓
Finished
Present
↓
Current
Future
↓
Expected
Simple
↓
General
Continuous
↓
Progress
Perfect
↓
Completed
Perfect Continuous
↓
Duration
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY DO STUDENTS GET CONFUSED?
Students generally memorize
Structures only.
They do not understand
Timeline.
If Timeline is clear,
Every Tense becomes easy.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULES
Simple
General Action
Continuous
Running Action
Perfect
Completed Action
Perfect Continuous
Running Action with Duration
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMPETITION POINTS
✔ Every Tense belongs to a Timeline.
✔ Every Timeline belongs to a Time.
✔ Every Time has Four Forms.
✔ Understanding Timeline is more important than memorizing formulas.
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S MASTER CONCEPT
Earth
↓
Continents
↓
Countries
↓
Languages
↓
Sentences
↓
Actions
↓
Time
↓
Timeline
↓
Tense
Just as all countries exist on one Earth,
all Tenses exist on one Timeline of Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER SUMMARY
Timeline
↓
Three Times
↓
Four Conditions
↓
Twelve Tenses
↓
Correct English
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
Time & Tense Master Series
Volume–1
Chapter–4
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–4A
# ANOOP SIR'S UNIVERSAL TIME & TENSE THEORY (USTT)
## (समय एवं काल का सार्वभौमिक सिद्धांत)
------------------------------------------------------------
# INTRODUCTION
There are thousands of languages
spoken on the Earth.
Every country has its own language.
Every language has millions of sentences.
Every sentence has one purpose—
To express an Action or a State.
When that Action or State is connected with Time,
Tense is born.
------------------------------------------------------------
# THE UNIVERSAL JOURNEY
Universe
↓
Earth
↓
Human Beings
↓
Languages
↓
Sentences
↓
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN CONCEPT
The whole world speaks different languages,
but every language talks only about two things.
1. Action
2. State
Nothing else.
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES
Hindi
मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ।
English
I go to school.
French
Je vais à l'école.
Spanish
Voy a la escuela.
The language changes,
The Action remains the same.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT MAKES THE DIFFERENCE?
Action alone cannot complete a sentence.
It must be connected with Time.
Examples
I play.
Present
I played.
Past
I shall play.
Future
Same Action
Different Time
Different Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# THE ROOT OF ALL TENSES
Sentence
↓
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
↓
Tense
Without a Verb,
there is no Action.
Without an Action,
there is no Time.
Without Time,
there is no Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
# THE FOUNDATION OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Everything in English Grammar
starts from the Verb.
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
↓
Tense
↓
Sentence
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY ARE THERE ONLY 12 TENSES?
Because—
Time has only Three Divisions.
Past
Present
Future
Each Time has Four Conditions.
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Therefore,
3 × 4 = 12 Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
# UNIVERSAL TENSE TREE
TIME
↓
Past
↓
Present
↓
Future
Each Time
↓
Simple
↓
Continuous
↓
Perfect
↓
Perfect Continuous
↓
12 Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER MEMORY TRICK
Language
↓
Sentence
↓
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
↓
Tense
Remember this order forever.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULES
No Verb
=
No Action
No Action
=
No Time
No Time
=
No Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S MASTER PRINCIPLE
Do not memorize Tenses.
Understand Time.
If Time is clear,
Tense becomes automatic.
------------------------------------------------------------
# FINAL SUMMARY
Universe
↓
Earth
↓
Human Beings
↓
Languages
↓
Sentences
↓
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
↓
Tense
This is the Universal Theory
of Time and Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
UNIVERSAL TIME & TENSE THEORY (USTT)
Volume–1
Chapter–4A
############################################################
# CHAPTER – 4A
# ANOOP SIR'S EARTH THEORY OF TIME & TENSE
## (The Foundation of Learning English Tenses)
### English Mentor ANOOP SIR
### @anoopsir91
############################################################
# INTRODUCTION
Learning Tenses is very easy.
The problem is not English.
The problem is the method.
Most students memorize formulas.
Very few students understand the concept.
This chapter introduces
ANOOP SIR'S EARTH THEORY OF TIME & TENSE,
an easy and logical way to understand
all Twelve Tenses.
############################################################
# IMAGINE THE EARTH
Imagine the Earth.
The Earth has many Continents.
Every Continent has many Countries.
Every Country has many States.
Every State has many Cities.
Every City has many Villages.
Every Village has many People.
Every People speak different Languages.
############################################################
# NOW THINK ABOUT LANGUAGES
There are thousands of languages
in the world.
English
Hindi
French
German
Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Russian
Japanese
Languages are different,
but their purpose is the same.
COMMUNICATION
############################################################
# WHAT DO ALL LANGUAGES TALK ABOUT?
Every language has millions of sentences.
But every sentence talks only about
TWO THINGS.
1. Action
2. State
Nothing else.
############################################################
# ACTION + STATE
Examples of Action
I play.
She writes.
They work.
Birds fly.
Children laugh.
Examples of State
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
The sky is blue.
He was ill.
They were ready.
Every sentence belongs
either to Action
or to State.
############################################################
# NOW ADD TIME
An Action without Time
is incomplete.
Example
I play.
Question
When?
Today?
Yesterday?
Tomorrow?
Therefore,
Every Action or State
must belong to a Time.
############################################################
# THE THREE WORLDS OF TIME
Time has only Three Worlds.
Present
Past
Future
There is no Fourth World.
Every sentence belongs
to one of these three worlds.
############################################################
# THE FOUR CONDITIONS
Each World has Four Conditions.
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
############################################################
# THE COMPLETE MAP
Three Times
×
Four Conditions
=
Twelve Tenses
############################################################
# THE EARTH MAP OF TENSES
EARTH
(Grammar)
↓
LANGUAGES
↓
SENTENCES
↓
ACTION / STATE
↓
TIME
Present
Past
Future
↓
CONDITION
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
↓
TWELVE TENSES
############################################################
# HOW TO FIND ANY TENSE
Step–1
Find the Time.
Past
Present
Future
↓
Step–2
Find the Condition.
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
↓
Step–3
You automatically reach
the correct Tense.
############################################################
# EXAMPLES
I play cricket.
Time
Present
Condition
Simple
Answer
Present Indefinite
------------------------------------------------------------
I am playing cricket.
Time
Present
Condition
Continuous
Answer
Present Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
I have played cricket.
Time
Present
Condition
Perfect
Answer
Present Perfect
------------------------------------------------------------
I have been playing cricket
for two hours.
Time
Present
Condition
Perfect Continuous
Answer
Present Perfect Continuous
############################################################
# MASTER FORMULA
Find Time.
↓
Find Condition.
↓
Find Tense.
############################################################
# GOLDEN RULES
No Verb
=
No Action
No Action
=
No Time
No Time
=
No Tense
############################################################
# ANOOP SIR'S MEMORY TRICK
Earth
↓
Languages
↓
Sentences
↓
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
↓
Condition
↓
Tense
############################################################
# FINAL MESSAGE
Do not memorize Tenses.
Understand
Time,
Action,
and
Condition.
Once these three are clear,
all Twelve Tenses become easy.
############################################################
# CHAPTER SUMMARY
✔ Every language expresses Action or State.
✔ Every Action or State belongs to Time.
✔ Time has only Three Worlds.
✔ Every World has Four Conditions.
✔ Therefore,
3 × 4 = 12 Tenses.
✔ Learn Time first.
✔ Learn Condition next.
✔ Tense will become automatic.
############################################################
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
THE EARTH THEORY OF TIME & TENSE
Volume–1
Chapter–4A
############################################################
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–5
# WHAT IS TENSE?
## (काल क्या है?)
------------------------------------------------------------
# INTRODUCTION
We have already understood—
Language
↓
Sentence
↓
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
Now it is time to understand
"TENSE"
which is the heart of English Grammar.
------------------------------------------------------------
# DEFINITION OF TENSE
Tense is the grammatical form of a verb
that expresses the Time and the Condition
of an Action or a State.
------------------------------------------------------------
# HINDI DEFINITION
Tense वह व्याकरणिक रूप (Grammatical Form)
है जो Verb के माध्यम से किसी Action
या State के समय (Time) तथा उसकी
स्थिति (Condition) को व्यक्त करता है।
------------------------------------------------------------
# SIMPLE DEFINITION
Time tells us
"When?"
Tense tells us
When?
+
How?
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT DOES TENSE SHOW?
A Tense tells us—
• When an action happens.
• Whether the action has started.
• Whether the action is continuing.
• Whether the action has finished.
• Whether the action has duration.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN FORMULA
Time
+
Condition
=
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT IS CONDITION?
Condition means
the state of an Action.
An Action may be—
General
Running
Completed
Running with Duration
These four conditions create
all English Tenses.
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLE
Sentence
I read English.
Time
Present
Condition
General
Tense
Present Indefinite
------------------------------------------------------------
Sentence
I am reading English.
Time
Present
Condition
Running
Tense
Present Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
Sentence
I have read English.
Time
Present
Condition
Completed
Tense
Present Perfect
------------------------------------------------------------
Sentence
I have been reading English
for two hours.
Time
Present
Condition
Running with Duration
Tense
Present Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANT OBSERVATION
Time is the same.
Only the Condition changes.
Therefore,
the Tense also changes.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY ARE THERE ONLY 12 TENSES?
Time has only
Three Parts.
Past
Present
Future
Each Time has
Four Conditions.
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Therefore
3
×
4
=
12 Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMPLETE CLASSIFICATION
PAST
↓
Past Indefinite
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
PRESENT
↓
Present Indefinite
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
FUTURE
↓
Future Indefinite
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# THE ROLE OF VERB
Without Verb,
there is no Action.
Without Action,
there is no Time.
Without Time,
there is no Tense.
Therefore,
Verb is the foundation of Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
# HOW TO IDENTIFY A TENSE
STEP–1
Find the Verb.
↓
STEP–2
Find the Time.
↓
STEP–3
Find the Condition.
↓
STEP–4
Identify the Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES
I played cricket yesterday.
Verb
Played
Time
Past
Condition
General
Tense
Past Indefinite
------------------------------------------------------------
She is cooking food.
Verb
Is Cooking
Time
Present
Condition
Running
Tense
Present Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
They had completed the work.
Verb
Had Completed
Time
Past
Condition
Completed
Tense
Past Perfect
------------------------------------------------------------
We will have been waiting
for two hours.
Verb
Will Have Been Waiting
Time
Future
Condition
Running with Duration
Tense
Future Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S GOLDEN THEORY
Never ask—
"What is the Formula?"
First ask—
"What is the Time?"
Then ask—
"What is the Condition?"
The correct Tense
will automatically come.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER MEMORY TRICK
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
↓
Condition
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMMON MISTAKES
❌ Students memorize structures.
✔ Understand the concept first.
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ Students identify only Time.
✔ Identify both
Time
and
Condition.
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ Students confuse Perfect
with Perfect Continuous.
✔ Remember—
Perfect
=
Completed Action
Perfect Continuous
=
Running Action + Duration
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULES
Rule–1
Every Tense has a Verb.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–2
Every Verb belongs to a Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–3
Every Time has a Condition.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–4
Time + Condition
create a Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER FLOW
Language
↓
Sentence
↓
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
↓
Condition
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# CHAPTER SUMMARY
✔ Tense is the grammatical form
of a Verb.
✔ Tense expresses
Time
+
Condition.
✔ Time has only
Past
Present
Future.
✔ Every Time has
Four Conditions.
✔ Therefore,
English has
Twelve Tenses.
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
Volume–1
Chapter–5
------------------------------------------------------------
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–6
# TIME Vs TENSE
## (समय और काल में अंतर)
------------------------------------------------------------
# INTRODUCTION
Many students think that
Time
and
Tense
are the same.
This is the biggest misconception
in English Grammar.
Actually,
Time and Tense are closely related,
but they are NOT the same.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT IS TIME?
Time is the natural flow
of events.
It tells us
"When an action happens."
Time belongs to Nature.
Examples
Yesterday
Today
Tomorrow
Morning
Evening
Last Year
Next Week
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT IS TENSE?
Tense is the grammatical form
of the Verb
used to express Time
and the Condition of an Action.
Tense belongs to Grammar.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN DIFFERENCE
Time belongs to Nature.
Tense belongs to Grammar.
------------------------------------------------------------
# SIMPLE EXAMPLE
Yesterday
is
Time.
Played
is
Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
Sentence
I played cricket yesterday.
Yesterday
tells us
Time.
Played
shows the
Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOTHER EXAMPLE
Tomorrow
is
Time.
Will Play
is
Tense.
Sentence
I will play tomorrow.
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANT FACT
Time never changes.
Grammar changes the Verb
to express Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLE
Go
↓
Went
↓
Gone
↓
Will Go
Time changes,
therefore,
Verb changes.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN FORMULA
Time
↓
Verb Changes
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMPARISON TABLE
TIME
• Natural
• Universal
• Same in every language
• Three Parts
Past
Present
Future
------------------------------------------------------------
TENSE
• Grammatical
• Language Based
• Expressed through Verb
• Twelve Forms
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY DOES ENGLISH NEED TENSE?
Nature gives us Time.
Grammar gives us Tense.
Without Tense,
we cannot express Time correctly.
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES
Time
Present
Sentence
I teach English.
Tense
Present Indefinite
------------------------------------------------------------
Time
Present
Sentence
I am teaching English.
Tense
Present Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
Time
Present
Sentence
I have taught English.
Tense
Present Perfect
------------------------------------------------------------
Time
Present
Sentence
I have been teaching English
for ten years.
Tense
Present Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# OBSERVATION
Time remains
Present.
Only the Condition changes.
Therefore,
the Tense changes.
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S GOLDEN THEORY
Time answers
"When?"
Tense answers
How?
+
When?
------------------------------------------------------------
# TIME IS CONSTANT
Past
Present
Future
These never change.
------------------------------------------------------------
# TENSE IS FLEXIBLE
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
These change
according to the Condition
of the Action.
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMPLETE DIFFERENCE
TIME
↓
Natural
↓
Universal
↓
Three Parts
↓
Cannot be Changed
↓
Exists in Real Life
------------------------------------------------------------
TENSE
↓
Grammatical
↓
Language Based
↓
Twelve Forms
↓
Changes with Verb
↓
Exists in Grammar
------------------------------------------------------------
# MEMORY TRICK
Time
=
Nature
Tense
=
Grammar
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMMON MISTAKES
❌ Time = Tense
Wrong
------------------------------------------------------------
✔ Tense expresses Time.
Correct
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ Time has Twelve Parts.
Wrong
------------------------------------------------------------
✔ Time has only Three Parts.
Correct
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ Tense means only Time.
Wrong
------------------------------------------------------------
✔ Tense means
Time
+
Condition.
Correct
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER FORMULA
Nature
↓
Time
↓
Verb
↓
Condition
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULES
Rule–1
Time is Natural.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–2
Tense is Grammatical.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–3
Time has only Three Parts.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–4
Tense has Twelve Forms.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–5
Time never changes.
Verb changes.
------------------------------------------------------------
# CHAPTER SUMMARY
✔ Time belongs to Nature.
✔ Tense belongs to Grammar.
✔ Time answers
"When?"
✔ Tense answers
"When?"
+
"How?"
✔ Time has Three Parts.
✔ Tense has Twelve Forms.
✔ Understanding this difference
is the first step
towards mastering English Tenses.
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S FINAL GOLDEN LINE
"Time exists in the Universe.
Tense exists in Grammar.
Grammar changes the Verb
to express Time correctly."
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
Volume–1
Chapter–6
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–7
# WHY DO WE STUDY TENSES?
## (हम Tenses क्यों पढ़ते हैं?)
------------------------------------------------------------
# INTRODUCTION
Many students ask,
"Why should we study Tenses?"
The answer is very simple.
Without Tenses,
we cannot express our ideas
correctly in English.
Tense is not only a grammar topic.
It is the backbone of English Communication.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY DO WE NEED TENSES?
We study Tenses because
every Action
and
every State
belongs to a particular Time.
Without Tense,
the listener cannot understand
When?
and
How?
an action happened.
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMAGINE A WORLD WITHOUT TENSES
Suppose someone says
I go Delhi.
Can you understand—
• Yesterday?
• Today?
• Tomorrow?
No.
The sentence is incomplete.
Now look at these sentences.
I went to Delhi yesterday.
I am going to Delhi now.
I will go to Delhi tomorrow.
Now the meaning becomes clear.
This is the importance of Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
# PURPOSE OF LEARNING TENSES
Tenses help us to—
✔ Express Time correctly.
✔ Describe Actions accurately.
✔ Show Continuity.
✔ Show Completion.
✔ Express Future Plans.
✔ Communicate clearly.
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANCE IN DAILY LIFE
Without Tenses,
we cannot—
Talk about yesterday.
Talk about today.
Talk about tomorrow.
Describe experiences.
Make future plans.
Share memories.
Give instructions.
Tell stories.
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANCE IN SPOKEN ENGLISH
Spoken English depends
mainly on Tenses.
Examples
Where are you going?
What did you eat?
Have you finished?
When will you come?
Almost every conversation
uses Tenses.
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANCE IN WRITING
Correct Tenses make writing
Clear
Professional
Logical
Effective
Whether you write
Letters
Applications
Essays
Stories
Reports
or Emails,
correct Tense is necessary.
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANCE IN COMPETITIVE EXAMS
Questions on Tenses are asked in
UP Board
CBSE
SSC
Banking
Railway
NDA
CDS
CUET
TGT
PGT
NET
Almost every examination
includes Tense-based questions.
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANCE IN TRANSLATION
Hindi
मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ।
English
I am reading.
------------------------------------------------------------
Hindi
मैं पढ़ चुका हूँ।
English
I have read.
------------------------------------------------------------
Hindi
मैं दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा हूँ।
English
I have been reading
for two hours.
Without Tenses,
correct translation is impossible.
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANCE IN COMMUNICATION
Good communication requires
Correct Words
+
Correct Grammar
+
Correct Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORTANCE IN PERSONALITY
A person who speaks
with correct Tenses
appears
Confident
Educated
Professional
Effective
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S GOLDEN THEORY
Tense is not only
a Grammar Rule.
It is
The Language of Time.
Whenever Time changes,
the Tense also changes.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT HAPPENS IF WE IGNORE TENSES?
Wrong Tense
↓
Wrong Meaning
↓
Wrong Communication
↓
Misunderstanding
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES
Wrong
I am go yesterday.
Correct
I went yesterday.
------------------------------------------------------------
Wrong
He has eating now.
Correct
He is eating now.
------------------------------------------------------------
Wrong
She will came tomorrow.
Correct
She will come tomorrow.
------------------------------------------------------------
# FIVE MAJOR BENEFITS
Learning Tenses helps you
1.
Speak Correctly.
------------------------------------------------------------
2.
Write Correctly.
------------------------------------------------------------
3.
Translate Correctly.
------------------------------------------------------------
4.
Score Better Marks.
------------------------------------------------------------
5.
Communicate Confidently.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN MEMORY TRICK
No Tense
=
Confusion
Correct Tense
=
Clear Communication
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULES
Rule–1
Every sentence needs
a correct Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–2
Every Action belongs
to a Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–3
Correct Time requires
Correct Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–4
Mastering Tenses means
Mastering English.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER FLOW
Thought
↓
Language
↓
Sentence
↓
Verb
↓
Time
↓
Tense
↓
Meaning
↓
Communication
------------------------------------------------------------
# CHAPTER SUMMARY
✔ Tenses express Time correctly.
✔ Tenses make communication clear.
✔ Tenses improve Speaking.
✔ Tenses improve Writing.
✔ Tenses improve Translation.
✔ Tenses are essential
for Competitive Exams.
✔ Tenses are the backbone
of English Grammar.
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S FINAL MESSAGE
"Do not study Tenses
to pass an examination.
Study Tenses
to express yourself
correctly and confidently."
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
Volume–1
Chapter–7
---------------# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–8
# CLASSIFICATION OF TENSES
## (कालों का वर्गीकरण)
------------------------------------------------------------
# INTRODUCTION
After understanding
Language
↓
Time
↓
Timeline
↓
Tense
it is now time to classify
all English Tenses.
English has
Only Three Times
but
Twelve Tenses.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY IS CLASSIFICATION NECESSARY?
Classification helps us—
✔ Understand Tenses systematically.
✔ Identify the correct Tense easily.
✔ Avoid confusion.
✔ Learn all Tenses logically.
------------------------------------------------------------
# ROOT CLASSIFICATION
TIME
↓
Past
Present
Future
These are the Three Primary Divisions
of Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# SECOND CLASSIFICATION
Every Time has Four Conditions.
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
These are called
the Four Forms of every Time.
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMPLETE CLASSIFICATION
TIME
┌─────────┼─────────┐
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
│ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼
Simple Simple Simple
Continuous Continuous Continuous
Perfect Perfect Perfect
Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# TOTAL NUMBER OF TENSES
Three Times
×
Four Conditions
=
Twelve Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
# PAST TENSES
1.
Past Indefinite
(Simple Past)
------------------------------------------------------------
2.
Past Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
3.
Past Perfect
------------------------------------------------------------
4.
Past Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# PRESENT TENSES
1.
Present Indefinite
(Simple Present)
------------------------------------------------------------
2.
Present Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
3.
Present Perfect
------------------------------------------------------------
4.
Present Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# FUTURE TENSES
1.
Future Indefinite
(Simple Future)
------------------------------------------------------------
2.
Future Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
3.
Future Perfect
------------------------------------------------------------
4.
Future Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER TENSE TREE
TIME
↓
Past
↓
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
↓
Present
↓
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
↓
Future
↓
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# HIERARCHY OF TENSES
LEVEL–1
Time
↓
LEVEL–2
Past
Present
Future
↓
LEVEL–3
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
↓
LEVEL–4
12 Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
# CONDITION OF ACTION
Simple
↓
General Action
------------------------------------------------------------
Continuous
↓
Running Action
------------------------------------------------------------
Perfect
↓
Completed Action
------------------------------------------------------------
Perfect Continuous
↓
Running Action
with Duration
------------------------------------------------------------
# UNIVERSAL TENSE MATRIX
SIMPLE
│
CONTINUOUS ─── TENSE ─── PERFECT
│
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
These Four Conditions
apply to
Past
Present
and
Future.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER TABLE
Past + Simple
=
Past Indefinite
Past + Continuous
=
Past Continuous
Past + Perfect
=
Past Perfect
Past + Perfect Continuous
=
Past Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
Present + Simple
=
Present Indefinite
Present + Continuous
=
Present Continuous
Present + Perfect
=
Present Perfect
Present + Perfect Continuous
=
Present Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
Future + Simple
=
Future Indefinite
Future + Continuous
=
Future Continuous
Future + Perfect
=
Future Perfect
Future + Perfect Continuous
=
Future Perfect Continuous
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S GOLDEN THEORY
Never memorize
12 Tenses.
Understand
Three Times
and
Four Conditions.
The Twelve Tenses
will automatically become clear.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MEMORY TRICK
3
×
4
=
12
Past
↓
4 Tenses
Present
↓
4 Tenses
Future
↓
4 Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULES
Rule–1
Time has only
Three Divisions.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–2
Each Time has
Four Conditions.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–3
Every Tense belongs
to one Time
and one Condition.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–4
Tense = Time + Condition
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER FLOWCHART
Language
↓
Sentence
↓
Verb
↓
Action / State
↓
Time
↓
Past / Present / Future
↓
Simple / Continuous / Perfect / Perfect Continuous
↓
12 Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
# CHAPTER SUMMARY
✔ English has Three Times.
✔ Every Time has Four Conditions.
✔ Therefore,
English has Twelve Tenses.
✔ Every Tense is formed by
Time
+
Condition.
✔ Once you understand this classification,
learning Tenses becomes easy.
------------------------------------------------------------
# FINAL GOLDEN LINE
"Do not learn
Twelve Tenses separately.
Learn
Three Times
and
Four Conditions.
Everything else
will follow automatically."
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
Volume–1
Chapter–8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–9
# VERB AND ITS FORMS
## (क्रिया तथा उसके रूप)
------------------------------------------------------------
# INTRODUCTION
A Sentence cannot exist
without a Verb.
The Verb is the heart
of every Sentence.
Without a Verb,
there is
No Action
No State
No Time
No Tense
Therefore,
the Verb is the foundation
of English Grammar.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT IS A VERB?
Definition
A Verb is a word
that expresses
an Action,
a State,
or
an Occurrence.
------------------------------------------------------------
# HINDI DEFINITION
Verb वह शब्द है
जो किसी कार्य (Action),
अवस्था (State)
या घटना (Occurrence)
को व्यक्त करता है।
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES OF ACTION VERBS
Play
Read
Write
Run
Eat
Drink
Walk
Sing
Dance
Study
Teach
Learn
Speak
Listen
Drive
Open
Close
Jump
Sleep
Laugh
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES OF STATE VERBS
Be
Have
Know
Believe
Love
Like
Hate
Need
Want
Own
Remember
Forget
Understand
Appear
Seem
Belong
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S GOLDEN THEORY
Every Sentence talks about
Action
or
State.
Both are expressed
through a Verb.
Therefore,
Verb is the centre
of every Sentence.
------------------------------------------------------------
# FIVE BASIC FORMS OF A VERB
Every Regular English Verb
has Five Principal Forms.
V1
Base Form
Example
Go
------------------------------------------------------------
V2
Past Form
Example
Went
------------------------------------------------------------
V3
Past Participle
Example
Gone
------------------------------------------------------------
V4
Present Participle
Verb + ing
Example
Going
------------------------------------------------------------
V5
Present Form
Base Form with
s / es
Example
Goes
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER TABLE
V1
Go
│
┌─────────┼─────────┐
│ │ │
V2 V3 V4
Went Gone Going
│
▼
V5
Goes
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES
Play
Played
Played
Playing
Plays
------------------------------------------------------------
Read
Read
Read
Reading
Reads
------------------------------------------------------------
Write
Wrote
Written
Writing
Writes
------------------------------------------------------------
Eat
Ate
Eaten
Eating
Eats
------------------------------------------------------------
See
Saw
Seen
Seeing
Sees
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHY ARE VERB FORMS IMPORTANT?
Different Tenses use
different Verb Forms.
Without Verb Forms,
correct Tenses
cannot be formed.
------------------------------------------------------------
# USE OF VERB FORMS
V1
Simple Present
Imperative
Modal Verbs
------------------------------------------------------------
V2
Simple Past
------------------------------------------------------------
V3
Perfect Tenses
Passive Voice
------------------------------------------------------------
V4
Continuous Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
V5
Simple Present
Third Person Singular
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES
V1
I play cricket.
------------------------------------------------------------
V2
I played cricket.
------------------------------------------------------------
V3
I have played cricket.
------------------------------------------------------------
V4
I am playing cricket.
------------------------------------------------------------
V5
He plays cricket.
------------------------------------------------------------
# REGULAR VERBS
Regular Verbs form
V2
and
V3
by adding
d
or
ed
Examples
Walk
Walked
Walked
------------------------------------------------------------
Play
Played
Played
------------------------------------------------------------
Clean
Cleaned
Cleaned
------------------------------------------------------------
Open
Opened
Opened
------------------------------------------------------------
# IRREGULAR VERBS
Irregular Verbs
do not follow
a fixed pattern.
Examples
Go
Went
Gone
------------------------------------------------------------
Eat
Ate
Eaten
------------------------------------------------------------
Write
Wrote
Written
------------------------------------------------------------
See
Saw
Seen
------------------------------------------------------------
Speak
Spoke
Spoken
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S MEMORY TRICK
V1
Start
↓
V2
Past
↓
V3
Completed
↓
V4
Running
↓
V5
Present Singular
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN FORMULA
Verb
↓
Verb Forms
↓
Helping Verb
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMMON MISTAKES
❌ He go to school.
✔ He goes to school.
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ I have went.
✔ I have gone.
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ She is write.
✔ She is writing.
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ They has eaten.
✔ They have eaten.
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULES
Rule–1
Every Sentence needs
a Verb.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–2
Every Tense uses
a specific Verb Form.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–3
Learn Verb Forms,
not only Meanings.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–4
Without Verb Forms,
Tenses cannot be mastered.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER FLOW
Verb
↓
Five Forms
↓
Helping Verb
↓
Sentence
↓
Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# CHAPTER SUMMARY
✔ A Verb expresses
Action,
State,
or
Occurrence.
✔ Every Verb has
Five Principal Forms.
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
✔ Different Tenses
require different
Verb Forms.
✔ Mastering Verb Forms
is the key
to mastering Tenses.
------------------------------------------------------------
# FINAL GOLDEN LINE
"If you master Verb Forms,
you master Tenses."
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
Volume–1
Chapter–9
------------------------------------------------------------
# TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
## Volume–1 : Foundation of Time & Tense
### By English Mentor ANOOP SIR (@anoopsir91)
# CHAPTER–10
# HELPING VERBS (AUXILIARY VERBS) & MAIN VERBS
## (सहायक क्रिया एवं मुख्य क्रिया)
------------------------------------------------------------
# INTRODUCTION
A sentence may contain
Only a Main Verb
or
A Main Verb + Helping Verb.
Helping Verbs play a vital role
in forming Tenses.
Without Helping Verbs,
most English Tenses
cannot be formed.
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT IS A MAIN VERB?
Definition
A Main Verb is the principal verb
that expresses the main Action
or State of the Subject.
------------------------------------------------------------
# HINDI DEFINITION
Main Verb वह मुख्य क्रिया है
जो Subject के मुख्य कार्य
या अवस्था को व्यक्त करती है।
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES
I play cricket.
Main Verb = play
------------------------------------------------------------
She writes a letter.
Main Verb = writes
------------------------------------------------------------
They eat food.
Main Verb = eat
------------------------------------------------------------
He teaches English.
Main Verb = teaches
------------------------------------------------------------
# WHAT IS A HELPING VERB?
Definition
A Helping Verb (Auxiliary Verb)
helps the Main Verb
to express
Time,
Condition,
Voice,
Mood,
or
Emphasis.
------------------------------------------------------------
# HINDI DEFINITION
Helping Verb वह सहायक क्रिया है
जो Main Verb की सहायता करके
समय (Time), स्थिति (Condition),
Voice, Mood आदि को व्यक्त करती है।
------------------------------------------------------------
# EXAMPLES
I am reading.
Helping Verb = am
Main Verb = reading
------------------------------------------------------------
She has completed the work.
Helping Verb = has
Main Verb = completed
------------------------------------------------------------
They will arrive tomorrow.
Helping Verb = will
Main Verb = arrive
------------------------------------------------------------
We had finished our homework.
Helping Verb = had
Main Verb = finished
------------------------------------------------------------
# TYPES OF HELPING VERBS
Helping Verbs are mainly of two types.
1.
Primary Auxiliaries
2.
Modal Auxiliaries
------------------------------------------------------------
# PRIMARY AUXILIARIES
BE
Am
Is
Are
Was
Were
Be
Being
Been
------------------------------------------------------------
HAVE
Have
Has
Had
------------------------------------------------------------
DO
Do
Does
Did
------------------------------------------------------------
# MODAL AUXILIARIES
Can
Could
May
Might
Shall
Should
Will
Would
Must
Ought to
Need
Dare
Used to
------------------------------------------------------------
# HELPING VERBS USED IN TENSES
Present Indefinite
Do
Does
(Negative & Interrogative)
------------------------------------------------------------
Past Indefinite
Did
(Negative & Interrogative)
------------------------------------------------------------
Present Continuous
Am
Is
Are
------------------------------------------------------------
Past Continuous
Was
Were
------------------------------------------------------------
Future Continuous
Will be
Shall be
------------------------------------------------------------
Present Perfect
Have
Has
------------------------------------------------------------
Past Perfect
Had
------------------------------------------------------------
Future Perfect
Will have
Shall have
------------------------------------------------------------
Present Perfect Continuous
Have been
Has been
------------------------------------------------------------
Past Perfect Continuous
Had been
------------------------------------------------------------
Future Perfect Continuous
Will have been
Shall have been
------------------------------------------------------------
# MAIN VERB + HELPING VERB
Sentence
She is reading.
Helping Verb
Is
Main Verb
Reading
------------------------------------------------------------
Sentence
They have completed the project.
Helping Verb
Have
Main Verb
Completed
------------------------------------------------------------
Sentence
He had gone home.
Helping Verb
Had
Main Verb
Gone
------------------------------------------------------------
Sentence
We will be waiting.
Helping Verb
Will be
Main Verb
Waiting
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN FORMULA
Helping Verb
+
Main Verb
=
Correct Tense
------------------------------------------------------------
# MAIN VERB WITHOUT HELPING VERB
Present Indefinite
I play football.
------------------------------------------------------------
Past Indefinite
I played football.
------------------------------------------------------------
Here,
the Main Verb alone
expresses the Tense
in Affirmative Sentences.
------------------------------------------------------------
# HELPING VERB IN NEGATIVE
I do not play.
She does not sing.
They did not come.
------------------------------------------------------------
# HELPING VERB IN INTERROGATIVE
Do you know him?
Does she teach English?
Did they arrive?
------------------------------------------------------------
# ANOOP SIR'S GOLDEN THEORY
The Helping Verb
is the engine.
The Main Verb
is the vehicle.
Both work together
to carry the meaning
of a Sentence.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MEMORY CHART
BE
↓
Continuous Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
HAVE
↓
Perfect Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
DO
↓
Simple Tenses
(Negative & Interrogative)
------------------------------------------------------------
WILL / SHALL
↓
Future Tenses
------------------------------------------------------------
# COMMON MISTAKES
❌ He do not play.
✔ He does not play.
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ She have completed.
✔ She has completed.
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ They is reading.
✔ They are reading.
------------------------------------------------------------
❌ I am know him.
✔ I know him.
(Know is generally a Stative Verb.)
------------------------------------------------------------
# GOLDEN RULES
Rule–1
Every Sentence has
a Main Verb.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–2
Most Tenses require
Helping Verbs.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–3
Choose the Helping Verb
according to
Time,
Subject,
and
Tense.
------------------------------------------------------------
Rule–4
Helping Verb
never replaces
the Main Verb.
It only supports it.
------------------------------------------------------------
# MASTER FLOW
Subject
↓
Helping Verb
↓
Main Verb
↓
Object
↓
Complete Sentence
------------------------------------------------------------
# CHAPTER SUMMARY
✔ Main Verb expresses
the main Action or State.
✔ Helping Verb supports
the Main Verb.
✔ Be, Have and Do
are Primary Auxiliaries.
✔ Modal Auxiliaries
express ability, permission,
possibility, obligation, etc.
✔ Correct Helping Verb
is essential
for correct Tense formation.
------------------------------------------------------------
# FINAL GOLDEN LINE
"Main Verb gives life
to the Action.
Helping Verb gives
Time and Structure
to the Sentence."
------------------------------------------------------------
© English Mentor ANOOP SIR
@anoopsir91
TIME & TENSE MASTER SERIES
Volume–1
Chapter–10
------------------------------------------------------------
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