Synthesis English Grammar

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        FLUENTFUTURE ACADEMY, HAMIRPUR

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                ✨ ENGLISH GRAMMAR NOTES ✨

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                    TOPIC: SYNTHESIS

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📘 MEANING (अर्थ):

The word “Synthesis” means the process of combining two or more simple sentences into one single sentence.

“Synthesis” का अर्थ है – दो या अधिक सरल वाक्यों को जोड़कर एक संयुक्त (Compound) या मिश्रित (Complex) वाक्य बनाना।

उदाहरण (Example):

1️⃣ He came. He sat down.  

➡️ He came and sat down.  

(वह आया और बैठ गया।)

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⚙️ TYPES OF SYNTHESIS (सिंथेसिस के प्रकार)

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1️⃣ SYNTHESIS BY COORDINATION  

(समुच्चयबोधक संयोजनों द्वारा जोड़ना)

👉 We join sentences of equal rank by using Coordinating Conjunctions like:

**and, but, or, so, therefore, yet, still, for, nor, otherwise** etc.

🔹 RULES (नियम):

- “And” → Similar ideas (समान विचार जोड़ने के लिए)

- “But / Yet / Still” → Contrast (विपरीत विचार)

- “Or / Else” → Choice / Alternative (विकल्प)

- “So / Therefore” → Result (परिणाम)

🔹 EXAMPLES:

1️⃣ He worked hard. He succeeded.  

➡️ He worked hard and succeeded.  

(उसने मेहनत की और सफल हुआ।)

2️⃣ He is poor. He is honest.  

➡️ He is poor but honest.  

(वह गरीब है पर ईमानदार है।)

3️⃣ Hurry up. You will miss the bus.  

➡️ Hurry up or you will miss the bus.  

(जल्दी करो नहीं तो बस छूट जाएगी।)

4️⃣ He was ill. He could not attend the class.  

➡️ He was ill, therefore he could not attend the class.  

(वह बीमार था, इसलिए कक्षा में नहीं गया।)

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2️⃣ SYNTHESIS BY SUBORDINATION  

(अव्ययीभावक संयोजनों द्वारा जोड़ना)

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👉 When one clause depends on the other for its complete meaning, we use subordinating conjunctions like:

**because, when, if, though, since, before, after, unless, as soon as, although, while** etc.

🔹 RULES (नियम):

- To show **Cause (कारण)** → because, since, as  

- To show **Time (समय)** → when, before, after, while, as soon as  

- To show **Condition (शर्त)** → if, unless, provided  

- To show **Contrast (विरोध)** → though, although, even if  

🔹 EXAMPLES:

1️⃣ He was late. The bus had left.  

➡️ When he was late, the bus had left.  

(जब वह देर से आया, बस जा चुकी थी।)

2️⃣ He failed. He was careless.  

➡️ He failed because he was careless.  

(वह असफल हुआ क्योंकि वह लापरवाह था।)

3️⃣ Finish your work. You will not go home.  

➡️ You will not go home unless you finish your work.  

(जब तक तुम काम पूरा नहीं करते, तुम घर नहीं जा सकते।)

4️⃣ He worked hard. He did not succeed.  

➡️ Though he worked hard, he did not succeed.  

(हालाँकि उसने मेहनत की, वह सफल नहीं हुआ।)

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3️⃣ SYNTHESIS BY PARTICIPLE  

(Participle द्वारा जोड़ना)

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👉 When both clauses have the same subject, we can change one verb into a participle (–ing form or –ed form).

🔹 RULES (नियम):

- **Present Participle (–ing)** shows two actions together.

- **Past Participle (–ed / –en)** shows a completed action.

🔹 EXAMPLES:

1️⃣ He saw the snake. He ran away.  

➡️ Seeing the snake, he ran away.  

(साँप देखकर वह भाग गया।)

2️⃣ The sun rose. The fog disappeared.  

➡️ The sun having risen, the fog disappeared.  

(सूर्य निकलने पर कुहरा छँट गया।)

3️⃣ He completed his homework. He went to bed.  

➡️ Having completed his homework, he went to bed.  

(गृहकार्य पूरा करके वह सो गया।)

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4️⃣ SYNTHESIS BY INFINITIVE  

(“To + V1” द्वारा जोड़ना)

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👉 When one sentence expresses **purpose or intention**, we use **to + verb (Infinitive)**.

🔹 EXAMPLES:

1️⃣ He went to Delhi. He wanted to see the Red Fort.  

➡️ He went to Delhi to see the Red Fort.  

(वह दिल्ली गया लाल किला देखने के लिए।)

2️⃣ He worked hard. He wanted to pass.  

➡️ He worked hard to pass.  

(वह पास होने के लिए मेहनत करता था।)

3️⃣ She called a doctor. She wanted to treat her mother.  

➡️ She called a doctor to treat her mother.  

(उसने अपनी माँ का इलाज कराने के लिए डॉक्टर बुलाया।)

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5️⃣ SYNTHESIS BY NOUN / PHRASE  

(संज्ञा या वाक्यांश के प्रयोग से)

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👉 Sometimes a whole sentence can be converted into a noun phrase or a participial phrase.

🔹 EXAMPLES:

1️⃣ He was ill. That was the reason for his absence.  

➡️ His illness was the reason for his absence.  

(उसकी बीमारी उसके अनुपस्थित होने का कारण थी।)

2️⃣ He failed. This disappointed his father.  

➡️ His failure disappointed his father.  

(उसकी असफलता से उसके पिता निराश हुए।)

3️⃣ He insulted me. This made me angry.  

➡️ His insult made me angry.  

(उसका अपमान मुझे क्रोधित कर गया।)

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6️⃣ SYNTHESIS BY PREPOSITION  

(पूर्वसर्गों द्वारा जोड़ना)

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👉 Sentences may also be joined by using prepositions such as:  

**after, before, on, in spite of, because of, owing to, by, with, without, for** etc.

🔹 EXAMPLES:

1️⃣ He finished his homework. He went to bed.  

➡️ After finishing his homework, he went to bed.  

(गृहकार्य समाप्त करने के बाद वह सो गया।)

2️⃣ He was tired. He continued working.  

➡️ In spite of being tired, he continued working.  

(थका होने के बावजूद उसने काम जारी रखा।)

3️⃣ He took rest. He was ill.  

➡️ He took rest because of illness.  

(बीमारी के कारण उसने आराम किया।)

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🧠 IMPORTANT RULES & TIPS

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✅ Repeated subjects must be removed.  

✅ Use correct conjunction according to meaning.  

✅ Do not change the sense of the original sentences.  

✅ Avoid unnecessary repetition of words.  

✅ Always keep the structure grammatically correct.  

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📚 PRACTICE EXERCISE (अभ्यास)

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👉 Join the following sentences using suitable conjunctions or phrases:

1️⃣ He was hungry. He ate an apple.  

2️⃣ The teacher entered. The students stood up.  

3️⃣ He worked hard. He won a prize.  

4️⃣ The sun set. The birds returned home.  

5️⃣ He lost the key. He could not open the door.  

6️⃣ He was ill. He could not attend school.  

7️⃣ The boy saw a snake. He screamed loudly.  

8️⃣ Finish your homework. You may go out.  

9️⃣ He was tired. He went to sleep.  

🔟 He completed his work. He took rest.

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✅ ANSWER KEY (उत्तर):

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1️⃣ Being hungry, he ate an apple.  

2️⃣ When the teacher entered, the students stood up.  

3️⃣ He worked hard and won a prize.  

4️⃣ When the sun set, the birds returned home.  

5️⃣ As he had lost the key, he could not open the door.  

6️⃣ Because he was ill, he could not attend school.  

7️⃣ Seeing a snake, the boy screamed loudly.  

8️⃣ Finish your homework before you go out.  

9️⃣ Being tired, he went to sleep.  

🔟 Having completed his work, he took rest.

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🌐 FLUENTFUTURE ACADEMY, HAMIRPUR

📘 English Grammar | Spoken English | Writing Skills

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